WORRISOME -- The latest word on the Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro (CAB) with the MILF is worrisome. President Aquino met discreetly with KAGI MURAD for the second time in Hiroshima, Japan in the last few days where the MILF head raised to the President some serious "concerns" evidently after reading the latest draft of the proposed Bangsamoro Basic Law (BBL) that Malacañang legal experts were working on. Then MILF panel chair Mohagher Iqbal, obviously trying hard to suppress misgivings, admitted that he was "not upbeat" or optimistic. Evidently, I can only guess, but all is not well, contrary to what the President wants us to believe.

"NOT WELL & OK" -- I may sound a broken record but let me stress this again: the negotiating parameters of the Philippine government (GPH) and the rebels (MILF) are NOT the same. This I personally know. In the whole course of the peace negotiations and consistent with its basic negotiating parameters, the MILF always REJECTED AND REFUSED to use -- or even just mention -- the Philippine Constitution as "reference" in ALL the agreements signed since the first agreement was signed in July, 1997 in Cagayan de Oro until the last document was signed last January, 2014, or in all of 12 agreements already signed. Instead, they preferred adherence to international protocols like the UN declaration of human rights or the UN charter but NOT the Philippine Constitution. They simply rejected being subjected to the provisions of the Philippine Constitution. To the MILF, adherence to our basic law during the peace talks was premature "capitulation" and would "canalize" their options for redress, knowing that some provisions of our Philippine Constitution could very well be the reason for those historical injustices on the Bangsamoro which they wanted to be redressed. They fought to get concessions from government that perhaps could be beyond the ambit of the basic law. If you won't believe me, go check for yourself those signed agreements. In short,   it should not come as a surprise to us why there will be constitutional issues that will necessarily arise now! This must be expected.

Hence, those presidential assurances coming from President Aquino no less that there are no constitutional issues and that all is “well and ok" may not be the real score, although it is expected that as head of state, he must appear to be the fountainhead of optimism. But the ghost of the failed and lamented MOA -AD is still around to haunt us. We committed a fatal mistake during our time. We should learn from those lessons. To ignore them is not prudent. To ignore them is reckless!

PRESIDENT IN A FIX --- Just like during our time in the Arroyo administration, President Aquino is caught between the devil and the deep blue sea. While the President wants to give concessions to finally put an end to the rebellion by addressing historic grievances, he cannot give beyond what the Constitution normally allows. He is duty bound to keep within those rigid parameters. The most he can do is to do some "brinksmanship" but then that was what happened in the MOA-AD with President Arroyo. I think the President is looking now closely at what was signed and now realizing that for him to adopt it en toto will put the presidency in jeopardy. So some last minute adjustments in the BBL had to be made.

MILF ALSO IN A FIX -- The question is: will those adjustments be acceptable to the MILF?       I may sound presumptuous, but I bet you, MILF will NOT capitulate and accept substantive variations from what was signed and agreed just to make the agreement constitutional. (This is now derisively called "watering down").   During my time as peace negotiator, I can tell you that the MILF had shown flexibility and openness to re-adjust its positions from time to time as the negotiations progressed. But they had certain "non-negotiable" points which, I am sure were carried through in the present CAB, some of which could be “constitutionally sensitive". I doubt very much if KAGI Murad   will agree to allow a re-adjustment just to suit constitutional concerns of the government if it means giving up on some of those "non-negotiables". But if he or the MILF leadership does so, it will be at their own peril -- just like the equally problematic situation our own Philippine president must now be facing. The dangers are obvious.   The MILF is organizationally not that cohesive, like just any other rebel group where force of arms rule. They cannot even totally control their own forces on the ground with the BIFF and other so-called rogue, break-away elements operating. Some MILF base commanders are “autonomous"   and they can call their own shots. Then there are young MILF elements who have their own more radical aspirations and are more restive. This is not to mention the presence of Islamic fundamentalists and "terrorists” whose bottom line is to establish an independent caliphate in this part of the world who succeeded in embedding themselves in MILF controlled areas. Of course, let us not forget that the Bangsamoro is factionalized and deeply divided, in various levels and MILF cannot claim exclusivity. I need not say more on this.

SOME OPTIONS --- At this crucial stage, I have a few unsolicited advices to make, if I may:

A) Before submitting the draft BBL to Congress, Malacañang must first do some constitutional "sensitivity" tests. This may not sound appropriate to others but yes, some "friendly" Supreme Court justices can be discreetly consulted but allowing room for "deniability". (My guess is that this was already done.) Let's not forget Chief Justice Sereno voted against the MOA AD and if the same situation is present now, it will be difficult for her to make a reverse act with CAB. Then there is former panel Chair Marvic Leonen. I'm sure he has a mouthful of advice to give. It is not advisable to feed the BBL to Congress if the "coast is not clear". Remember, the CAB is a political threat to the entrenched politicians in power and many of them are just "waiting in ambush" there in Congress to chop it down to pieces. Believe me.

B) Continue the backchannel “negotiations" with the MILF if there are problematic provisions. This will also allow the MILF to vet new developments with its own stakeholders and for an easier "acceptance" just in case there will be some re-adjustments still to be made. The recent brief meeting in Japan was more on KAGI MURAD expressing "concerns". A more substantive discussion should be held, between them again or between other equally high level representatives.

C) If it shall become inevitable to amend the Constitution to preserve the peace process, then it is time for the joint Transition Commission, which drafted the proposed BBL, immediately buckle down to work as mandated by the CAB   "....to work on proposals to amend the Philippine Constitution for the purpose of accommodating and entrenching...the agreements". This is clearly stated under Article VII, Part 4B of the CAB.  

D) During my time at OPAPP, there was talk about "entrenching" the MOA-AD by "appending" it to the Constitution, just like what was done with the original US BASES agreement and getting a national plebiscite to approve it. Then the constitutional parameters are expanded to accommodate the CAB.  

MISCALCULATION -- One final word. We understand the determination of President Aquino to get this done during his time. He took the first unorthodox step not usually done by heads of state by meeting with KAGI MURAD at the onset of the talks. Both of them again met recently. This is already a milestone no one before him achieved and to his credit. It may be prudent for him to study his options well at this time. And this equally applies to MILF's KAGI MURAD. We all cannot afford a misstep at this crucial time.

A MISCALCULATION will put to naught all those milestones never achieved before.

Jesus G. Dureza was Chairman of the Government Peace Negotiating Panel for Talks with the MILF from 2001 to 2003 and Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process from 2005 to 2008 under the Arroyo Administration. Currently, he is president and CEO of Advocacy Mindanow Foundation, publisher of Mindanao Times, and president-chairman of the Philippine Press Institute, an umbrella group for provincial and national newspapers in the country. 

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